直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄急性心肌梗死患者心室重构与心功能的影响

目的评估直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对高龄急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心室重构及心功能的影响。方法选取2017年5月至2019年5月我科收治的高龄AMI患者100例,分为研究组和对照组,每组患者各50例,其中研究组接受直接PCI治疗+标准药物治疗,对照组给予标准的药物治疗,比较治疗前后两组的可溶性ST2(sST2)和N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平及超声心动图结果。结果治疗后两组的sST2、NT-proBNP水平均有所下降,且研究组下降幅度优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、球形指数(SI)、室间隔厚度(IVST)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)均下降,而左室射血分数(LVEF)均升高,且研究组效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论直接PCI可有效挽救高龄AMI患者的梗死心肌,能有效延缓高龄AMI患者的心室重构,改善心功能,是高龄AMI患者的有效且安全的治疗手段。     

氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠血管组织激肽释放酶表达的影响

目的：探讨氯沙坦（LST）对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）血管组织Kallikrein表达的影响。方法：16只雄性自发性高血压大鼠随机分为模型组（Model）、氯沙坦组（LST）以及8只雄性Wistar-Kyoto大鼠（WKY）为空白组（Blank）。无创血压测量仪测量各组收缩压变化;Elisa试剂盒检测血清中激肽释放酶（Kallikrein）、一氧化氮（NO）及前列环素（PGI2）含量变化;苏木精-伊红（H&E）染色观察药物对主动脉病理学改变;实时定量qRT-PCR检测主动脉组织间Kallikrein基因表达变化;Western Blot检测主动脉组织中Kallikreinb蛋白表达变化。结果：SHR连续给药4周后,LST组收缩压呈时间依赖性下降;大鼠血清中Kallikrein、NO及PGI2分别上升了54.1%、49.5%及49.2%;组织病理学显示,LST组血管重构现象明显低于模型组;qRT-PCR显示,LST组的Kallicrein表达量上调了66.7%;Western Blot显示LST组Kallikrein蛋白表达与基因表达一致,呈正相关。结论：LST降低SHR血压及改善血管重构的作用可能与上调Kallikrein表达相关。     

高血压性左心室肥厚及射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HF-PEF)患者左心室同步性变化对心功能的影响

目的:探讨高血压性左心室肥厚及射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HF-PEF)患者左心室同步性变化状况及其对心功能的影响。方法:对某院2016年5月~2018年5月收治的110例高血压性左心室肥厚(左心室肥厚组)患者、110例高血压性HF-PEF(HF-PEF组)患者进行观察研究,对所有患者均进行心脏超声检查、血清B型尿钠肽(BNP)检查,分析总结不同患者检测结果。结果:HF-PEF组患者LVEF与左心室肥厚组对比无明显差异(P>0.05);HF-PEF组患者E/A值、PFR明显低于左心室肥厚组,LVEDD、LAD、BNP明显高于左心室肥厚组(P<0.05);HF-PEF组BNP与E/A值、PFR呈负相关性(P<0.05);HF-PEF组BNP与LVEDD、LAD呈正相关性(P<0.05)。结论:高血压性HF-PEF患者左心室呈现明显同步性异常,且与患者心功能存在相关性。     

二维超声心动图与左室造影用于曲美他嗪治疗冠心病左心功能不全疗效评价

目的探讨二维超声心动图与左室造影在评价曲美他嗪治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病(简称冠心病)左心功能不全疗效中的应用效果。方法选取石家庄市第一医院2017年11月至2018年11月用曲美他嗪治疗的冠心病左心功能不全患者80例,分别应用二维超声心动图与左室造影检查并评价疗效。结果80例患者中显效27例,有效45例,无效8例,总有效率为90.00%。二维超声心动图测得患者治疗后的E/A值和左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著高于治疗前,左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)显著低于治疗前(P<0.05);左室造影测得患者治疗后的心排出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)和每搏输出量(SV)显著高于治疗前(P<0.05)。患者治疗后的每周心绞痛发病次数、N末端B型脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)水平均显著低于治疗前,6 min步行距离(6MWT)显著长于治疗前(P<0.05);患者治疗过程中均未出现明显不良反应。结论应用曲美他嗪治疗冠心病左心功能不全有一定疗效,且应用二维超声心动图与左室造影检测心功能准确性较高。     

Ablation of frequent premature ventricular complex in an athlete

Premature ventricular complex are common findings in the exam of many athletes. There is no extensive scientific evidence in the management of this situation particularly when associated with borderline contractile function of the left ventricle. In this case report, we present a 35‐year‐old asymptomatic healthy athlete with high incidence (over 10 000 beats in 24 h) of premature ventricular complex and left ventricular dilatation with dysfunction, which persisted after a resting period of 6 months without training. We performed radiofrequency ablation of the premature ventricular complex focus. After 1‐year follow‐up, he was asymptomatic without arrhythmia and the left ventricle normalized its size and function as shown by echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance.     

多层螺旋CT评估左心室功能的应用进展

左心室功能评估对心脏疾病的诊断、风险分层、治疗及预后分析具有重要意义。心脏CT血管成像(CCTA)作为一种无创性成像技术,目前在心脏疾病的诊断中发挥着越来越重要的作用,它既可评估冠状动脉狭窄,也能获取左心室容积和功能方面的信息。64层及以上的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)可一站式评价冠状动脉和左心室功能,无需对比剂和辐射的重复暴露,心功能分析结果可重复性高,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中的有效性和安全性分析

目的分析琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法选取70岁以上伴有快速永久性心房颤动40例。在基础治疗上加用小剂量酒石酸美托洛尔片逐渐达到靶剂量,2周后按照1∶1更换为琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片,继续观察2周。分别记录患者症状、清晨静息心率,检查B型尿钠肽、动态心电图及动态血压并进行分析。结果琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片的治疗靶剂量为（66.25±18.75） mg。患者在琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗后症状、24 h平均心率、清晨静息心率、24 h平均血压、B型尿钠肽均较用药前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片当使用到靶剂量时最长R-R间期无明显延长,患者未出现不适症状。结论在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中,琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片有着良好的临床疗效和安全性,值得临床应用。     

Banding the Right Ventricular Assist Device Outflow Conduit: Is It Really Necessary With Current Devices?

Implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been adapted clinically for right‐sided mechanical circulatory support (RVAD). Previous studies on RVAD support have established the benefits of outflow cannula restriction and rotational speed reduction, and recent literature has focused on assessing either the degree of outflow cannula restriction required to simulate left‐sided afterload, or the limitation of RVAD rotational speeds. Anecdotally, the utility of outflow cannula restriction has been questioned, with suggestion that banding may be unnecessary and may be replaced simply by varying the outflow conduit length. Furthermore, many patients have a high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at the time of ventricular assist device (VAD) insertion that reduces with pulmonary vascular bed remodeling. It is therefore important to assess the potential changes in flow through an RVAD as PVR changes. In this in vitro study, we observed the use of dual HeartWare HVAD devices (HeartWare Inc., Framingham, MA, USA) in biventricular support (BiVAD) configuration. We assessed the pumps' ability to maintain hemodynamic stability with and without banding; and with varying outflow cannulae length (20, 40, and 60 cm). Increased length of the outflow conduit was found to produce significantly increased afterload to the device, but this was not found to be necessary to maintain the device within the manufacturer's recommended operational parameters under a simulated normal physiological setting of mild and severe right ventricular (RV) failure. We hypothesize that 40 cm of outflow conduit, laid down along the diaphragm and then up over the RV to reach the pulmonary trunk, will generate sufficient resistance to maintain normal pump function.     

Is Implantation of a Left Ventricular Assist Device in Patients With Critical or Impending Cardiogenic Shock an Absolute Contraindication? Looking Back at Our Past Experience Trying to Identify Contraindicative Risk Factors

Poor survival has been demonstrated after ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation for Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) profile 1 and 2 patients compared with more stable levels. However, risk factors within this high‐risk cohort have not been determined so far. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors associated with this very high mortality rate. Between February 1993 and January 2013, 298 patients underwent VAD implantation in our institution. One hundred nine patients were in INTERMACS level 1 and 49 patients were in INTERMACS level 2 and were therefore defined as hemodynamically critical (overall 158 patients). Assist devices implanted were: HVAD HeartWare n = 18; Incor n = 11; VentrAssist n = 2; DeBakey n = 22; and pulsatile systems n = 105. After cumulative support duration of 815.35 months, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a survival of 63.9, 48.8, and 40.3% at 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Cox regression analyses identified age > 50 (P = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 2.48), white blood cell count > 13.000/μL (P = 0.01, OR 2.06), preoperative renal replacement therapy (P = 0.001, OR 2.63), and postcardiotomy failure (P < 0.001, OR 2.79) as independent predictors of mortality. Of note, last generation VADs were not associated with significantly better 6‐month survival (P = 0.59). Patients without the aforementioned risk factors could yield a survival of 79.2% at 6 months. This single‐center experience shows that VAD implantation in hemodynamically unstable patients generally results in poor early outcome, even in third‐generation pumps. However, avoiding the aforementioned risk factors could result in improved outcome.